{"id":4020,"date":"2025-04-15T08:52:04","date_gmt":"2025-04-15T08:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gromada-erasmus.eu\/?page_id=4020"},"modified":"2025-05-21T07:26:18","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T07:26:18","slug":"claim-3-ecocide","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gromada-erasmus.eu\/uk\/moot-court-story\/claim-3-ecocide\/","title":{"rendered":"Claim 3: Crime of Ecocide"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Claim 3: Crime of Ecocide<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Description<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

The term “ecocide” describes actions intentionally or knowingly carried out by humans. They systematically cause severe and widespread damage and destruction of nature. This includes large-scale deforestation, water and soil pollution, and other activities that endanger the survival of ecosystems. At present, numerous voices are calling for ecocide to be recognized as a punishable crime before the International Criminal Court and other international courts. So far, however, it has not been codified in international law. The crime of ecocide is included in Ukrainian legislation.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Picture by Andrea Marinelli Photographer for the Sensing for Justice project<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Claims by the Parties brought forward in the GROMADA Moot Court<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Ukraine<\/strong><\/p>

Legal counsels of Ukraine bring forward that overall, Russia\u2019s military conduct was systematically causing severe and widespread damage to the environment; the conduct hence fulfills the criteria of ecocide and is unlawful.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Russia<\/strong><\/p>

The representatives of Russia respond that the crime of ecocide does not exist as an international crime, and, in any case, the ICJ Chamber for Environmental Matters, who decided over the claims in the Moot Court, lacks jurisdiction over ecocide.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Questions<\/strong><\/p>

The questions assessed under this claim:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Was the<\/span>re sufficient p<\/span>roof of attacks against the environment?<\/span><\/p>

Have we seen systematic attacks or policies with severe and widespread environmental consequences?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Focus on the following sub-areas of international law\u2026<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t
\n\n \n
\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n
\n

International criminal law<\/h2>

\u2026is specifically concerned with the criminal prosecution of individuals (and not states) for the most serious crimes, such as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression. The International Criminal Court and the <\/span>ad hoc<\/span><\/i> criminal tribunals can apply international criminal law. International criminal law can also be enforced by national courts.<\/span><\/p><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Anna\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnna Mckean\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Environmental and war researcher at the Conflict and Environment Observatory (CEOBS)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Inna\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tInna Khomenko\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Department of Meteorology and Climatology at the Odessa State Environmental University<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Nicole\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNicole Citeroni\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Postdoctoral researcher at Lund University on the project "The International Legal Dimension of Environmental Peacebuilding"<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Mentors<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Witness<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tViktoriia Gorbunova\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Luxembourg and Chair of EuroPsy National Awarding Committee in Ukraine<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Testimonials<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Kateryna Opanasenko<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Participant, Ukraine<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

The program was exceptionally well-organized, and I truly appreciated the variety of interdisciplinary courses offered. Each session provided valuable insights into legal frameworks for environmental protection, particularly in the context of Ukraine. The discussions were engaging, and I learned so much from both the faculty and my fellow participants.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Diwakar Dhakal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Participant, Nepal<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

The summer school was exceptionally amazing and a good learning opportunity for me. I am so fortunate to be part of it and expand my networking, along with enormous amounts of takeaways from my law school.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Viktoriia Gorbunova<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Expert witness<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

When you\u2019re invited to a Moot Court, you expect another student event\u2014not something that could shape minds. However, the GROMADA project\u2019s Moot Court is different. Addressing environmental war crimes committed by Russia, the proceedings painfully reflected a harsh reality. As an expert witness, it was an honour to speak on the mental health impacts of war\u2014solastalgia, eco-anxiety, and environmental grief\u2014the invisible wounds left by ecocide. This wasn\u2019t just a simulation. It sparked awareness and ignited a deeper public reckoning with the human cost of environmental destruction.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Claim 3: Crime of Ecocide Description The term “ecocide” describes actions intentionally or knowingly carried out by humans. They systematically cause severe and widespread damage and destruction of nature. This includes large-scale deforestation, water and soil pollution, and other activities that endanger the survival of ecosystems. At present, numerous voices are calling for ecocide to […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":3848,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gromada-erasmus.eu\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4020"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gromada-erasmus.eu\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gromada-erasmus.eu\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gromada-erasmus.eu\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gromada-erasmus.eu\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4020"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/gromada-erasmus.eu\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4101,"href":"https:\/\/gromada-erasmus.eu\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4020\/revisions\/4101"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gromada-erasmus.eu\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gromada-erasmus.eu\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}